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Horace Howard Furness (November 2, 1833 – August 13, 1912) was an American Shakespearean scholar of the 19th century. ==Life and career== Horace Furness was the son of the Unitarian minister and abolitionist William Henry Furness (1802–1896), and brother of the architect Frank Furness (1839–1912). He graduated from Harvard University in 1854, then studied in Germany.〔Thomas Wentworth Higginson, "Horace Howard Furness," ''Harvard Memorial Biographies'', Volume 1.〕 After returning to the United States, he was admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in 1859, but his growing deafness interfered with the practice of law. He married Helen Kate Rogers, sister of Fairman Rogers, and heir to an ironmaking fortune. They had four children. In 1860, he joined the Shakspere Society of Philadelphia, an amateur study group that took its scholarship seriously. As he later wrote:
As editor of the "New Variorum" editions of Shakespeare—also called the "Furness Variorum"—he collected in a single source 300 years of references, antecedent works, influences and commentaries. He devoted more than forty years to the series, completing the annotation of sixteen plays. With his wife, Helen Kate Furness (1837–1883), he authored ''A Concordance to Shakespeare's Poems'' (1874). His son, Horace Howard Furness, Jr. (1865–1930), joined as co-editor of the Variorum's later volumes, and continued the project after the father's death, annotating three additional plays and revising two others. He was a lecturer at the University of Pennsylvania, a long-serving trustee (1880–1904), and chairman of the building committee for its library. Designed by his brother Frank, Horace selected the Shakepearean quotes for the 1891 building's leaded glass windows.〔Following a 6-year restoration, Frank Furness's University of Pennsylvania Library was rededicated in 1991, on the occasion of its centennial, as the Fisher Fine Arts Library.〕 He was the advisor for doctoral student Emily Jordan Folger who, with her husband Henry Clay Folger, would co-found the Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, DC.〔Joseph Quincy Adams and Paul Cret, ''The Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington'' (Amherst College, 1933).〕 An 1890 review in ''Blackwood's Magazine'' may indicate the esteem in which British critics held Furness's scholarship:
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